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Posts Tagged ‘good read’

White Fungus

Posted by Patrick on May 3, 2009

White Fungus, by Bruce Sterling, is a really nice short story (about 12 pages) about the reorganization of society after the economic system has completely collapsed.

“The solution was making the defeat of our hunger look like fun. People gardened in five-minute intervals, by meshing webcams with handsets. A tomato vine ready to pick sent someone an SMS. Game-playing gardeners cashed in their points at local market stalls and restaurants. This scheme was an ‘archi tec ture of participation’. Since the local restaurants were devoid of health and employee regulations, they were easy to start and maintain. Everything was visible on the Net. We used ingenious rating systems.

People keenly resented me for this intervention. My coldly logical scheme was about as popular as Minimalism. I did it anyway. I designed the vertical racks for the outsides of old buildings, I designed the irrigation systems, and I also planted the webcams to deter the hordes of eager fruit thieves. I performed this labor in my ‘free time’, because the need to eat is not a ‘business model’. How ever, my child was eating fresh produce. All the children were eating. Once other parents grasped this reality, I received some help. ” [1]

Link:

  1. White Fungus, <http://www.sunarchitecture.nl/upload/49d601a8ba4b25.51434338.pdf>

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Energy and the Environment

Posted by Patrick on April 10, 2009

Definitively not a book to be judged by its cover![1]

I just started reading one of the most refreshingly clear book I’ve ever read about the energy and environmental crisis. What’s so different from David JC MacKay’s take on the problem is that he makes himself very clear from the get go that his aim is not to debate an ethical point of view.

“Debates about energy policy are often confusing and emotional because people mix together factual assertions and ethical assertions.”[1, p.17]

Instead, he “simply” aims at explaining the numbers as clearly as possible so that we can then have informed ethical discussions:

“[if] we need to know how the one “huge” compares with another “huge,” namely our huge energy consumption, [...] we need numbers, not adjectives.”[1, p.3]

But this book is not just about listing the right numbers, it’s about understanding them. You’d think that such required reading should be a little dry, but surprisingly, his writing style is … kind of entertaining!

At the end of the second chapter, just before diving into the real meat of the book, he summarizes his goal:

“Throughout the book, my aim is not only to work out numbers indicating our current energy consumption and conceivable sustainable production, but also to make clear what these numbers depend on. Understanding what the numbers depend on is essential if we are to choose sensible policies to change any of the numbers. [...] I will need to use equations like

\text{kinetic energy} = \frac{1}{2}mv^2

However, I recognize that to many readers, such formulae are a foreign language. So, here’s my promise: I’ll keep all this foreign-language stuff in technical chapters at the end of the book. Any reader with a high-school/secondary school qualification in maths, physics, or chemistry should enjoy these technical chapters. The main thread of the book (from page 2 to page 250) is intended to be accessible to everyone who can add, multiply, and divide. It is especially aimed at our dear elected and unelected representatives, the Members of Parliament.

One last point, before we get rolling: I don’t know everything about energy. I don’t have all the answers, and the numbers I offer are open to revision and correction. [...] The one thing I am sure of is that the answers to our sustainable energy questions will involve numbers; any sane discussion of sustainable energy requires numbers. This book’s got ’em, and it shows how to handle them. I hope you enjoy it!” [1, p.28]

If that wasn’t good enough he licensed the ebook Creative Commons by-nc-sa [2]:

This is a free book

I didn’t write this book to make money. I wrote it because sustainable energy is important. If you would like to have the book for free for your own use, please help yourself: it’s on the internet at www.withouthotair.com.

This is a free book in a second sense: you are free to use all the material in this book, except for the cartoons and the photos with a named photographer, under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share-Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales Licence. (The cartoons and photos are excepted because the authors have generally given me permission only to include their work, not to share it under a Creative Commons license.) You are especially welcome to use my materials for educational purposes. My website includes separate high-quality files for each of the figures in the book. [1, p.viii]

Links

  1. David J.C. MacKay. Sustainable Energy – without the hot air. UIT Cambridge, 2008. ISBN 978-0-9544529-3-3. Available free online from <www.withouthotair.com>
  2. Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike: <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk>

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I, Robot and Game Theory

Posted by Patrick on April 8, 2009

Cover of I, Robot illustrates the story “Runaround”. [7]


I, Robot
, by Isaac Asimov [1], is a collection of nine short stories where robots and positronic computers follow three laws [2] supposed to protect humans:

  1. A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
  2. A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
  3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

The theme of the movie was probably based mostly on the last story, called The Evitable Conflict [3]. In this story, powerful positronic computers around the world have the task of optimizing the world’s economy. Naturally, such a complex problem cannot be solved without making trade offs and sacrificing the well being of some individuals for the greater good. As such, the machines come to generalize the First Law to mean: “No robot may injure humanity or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm.” The three laws, which were supposed to prevent robots from taking over, in essence, dictate them to do so (for our own good).

In the movie, the detective uncovers this scheme soon enough, and with the help of a non-three-laws robot, manages to shutdown the main computer in time. In the book, however, humans realize that the solutions the machines are implementing are the best, and any deviation from their scheme would leave us worse off overall. And so, they come to accept the benevolent (and selfless) dictatorship of the machines.

When I read this story, I wondered if a “best solution” could exist to such complex problems as “optimizing the world’s economy”. I was recently reminded of this question after watching political scientist Bruce Bueno de Mesquita speak at TED [4] about how game theory [5] can be used to predict the most likely outcome of a situation where many players are trying to optimize their own self interest.

In the language of game theory, it seems that Asimov’s machines were finding some kind of equilibria. But with all the machines cooperating not for their own self interest, but for that of humanity, would game theory be the proper tool to use?

Finally, Cory Doctorow puts a spin on things with his I, Robot [6], and imagines a world divided into two: In the West, robots are bound by the three laws; in the East, the are not. Maybe because of this division, his three-laws-bound robots don’t seem to generalize the first law. His non-three-laws robots, however, open up a whole new set of possibilities…

Links:

  1. Wikipedia: I, Robot, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_robot>
  2. Wikipedia: Three Laws of Robotics, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Laws_of_Robotics>
  3. Wikipedia: The Evitable Conflict, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Evitable_Conflict>
  4. TED: , <http://www.ted.com/index.php/talk/bruce_bueno_de_mesquita_predicts_iran_s_future.html>
  5. Wikipedia: Game Theory, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_theory>
  6. Craphound: Overclocked , <http://craphound.com/overclocked/download>
  7. Wikimedia File, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:I_Robot_-_Runaround.jpg>

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Sucked in…

Posted by Patrick on February 15, 2009

As with Harry Potter, I caught the fever a bit later than everyone else. But once I got infected, I had a hard time putting the books (and audiobooks) down… It’s happening again now…

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Little Brother

Posted by Patrick on September 20, 2008

I finally just finished reading Cory Doctorow’s Little Brother. [1] I’m really happy to finally be done with it because I had a really tough time putting it down: “just another chapter and I’ll go to bed”, I promised myself repeatedly on the same night. Finally I’ll be getting more sleep again! ^_^

Little Brother is modern dystopian story with themes similar to those of Orwell’s 1984. The setting, however is present day San-Fransisco. Like 1984, the government goes all surveillance freak on the population. Unlike 1984, the events leading to this extremism are extremely plausible, and the technology used to achieve it already exists.

Appart from being an excellent story, Cory, through the main character (a 17-year old highschool senior), teaches us about really cool stuff like cryptography, security, and the internet in general. Its thesis, that security is the opposite of secrecy, is extremely well developped. This is the kind of books I wished I had read when I was 15 years old, but very much enjoyed (and will probably read again) at 30…

What’s more, Cory’s book is available for free in e-book form from his website. [1] Cory also organized a project for people to donate books to schools. [2] I signed us up: scroll to the bottom of that page to see our school there.

Links

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